Laparoscopic surgery, or “keyhole surgery,” is a minimally invasive technique performed using a telescope-like instrument (laparoscope) through small incisions (0.5–1.5 cm). It offers faster recovery, less pain, minimal scarring, and shorter hospital stays compared to open surgery. How It Works: Small Incisions: Multiple tiny cuts replace a large incision. Laparoscope: A thin tube with a light and camera gives a magnified view of the internal organs. Surgical Tools: Specialized instruments are inserted through trocars. Gas Insufflation: The abdomen is inflated with CO₂ to create space for better visibility. Common Procedures: Gynecology: Hysterectomy, ovarian cyst removal, tubal ligation Gastrointestinal: Gallbladder and appendix removal, colectomy Urology: Kidney or prostate surgery General Surgery: Hernia repair, splenectomy Bariatric Surgery: Gastric bypass for weight loss Benefits: Minimal scarring Less pain and bleeding Quick recovery Lower infection risk Laparoscopic surgery requires expert training and is now widely used due to its safety and patient-friendly outcomes.